81253894 Ultrasound Physics Essay - 1171 Words

ULTRASOUND PHYSICS Name Institution a) Calculate the Acoustic impedance of subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone. Assume subcutaneous tissue has a density of 1060kg/m3 (Hedrick 2003), muscle has a density of 1104kg/m3 (Madjor 2008) and bone has a density of 5065kg/m3 (Hedrick 2003). Give your answer in Mrayls. Please use speed of sound as 1540m/s for tissue, muscle and bone In ultrasound, Acoustic impedance (Z) is the quantity of measurement of resistance to sound when passing through a medium (Hedrick,HykesStarchman 2005, p.10). According to Gill (2012,p. 11) the equation for Acoustic impedance is Z=Ï c, where (Z=Acoustic impedance, Ï  =density of medium and c =velocity of beam). From this equation is understood that acoustic†¦show more content†¦In addition, as a result of high attenuation in bones, absorption of sound occurs resulting in vibration and friction and hence, sound energy loss. For these reasons, one should scan a liver through the intercostal spaces where little or no reflection occurs or under the ribs but not through the ribs. 2. Including a definition of pre and post processing, explain whether you would use read zoom or write zoom to image a gallbladder. Preprocessing refers to manipulation of scan information or data prior to storage in memory following scan conversion while post processing refers to manipulation of scan data after storage in the scan converter. Write zoom is associated with preprocessing while read zoom is associated with post processing (Schirber, 2013, pg. 110). In write zoom, the image is rewritten with more pixels than the initial image and thus the image is given more definition magnification. For read zoom, the image is magnified this is like enlarging a photo hence the image will only be bigger. Therefore, one should use write zoom to image a gall bladder since it gives more details and an image of high quality. 3. The most common type of transducer used for deep organ imaging such as the liver is a 6Mhz convex array. The most type of transducer for imaging a thyroid is a 15 Mhz linear array. Explain, with reference to both transducer shape (linear and convex) and frequency why this is so. A 6 Mhz convex array transducer has a wide footprint

Ways to Improve Academic Experience Free Essays

Ways to Improve Academic Experience in KDI School Reem Salah Academic Writing March 9,2010 Regular exercise is a critical part of staying healthy. People who are active live longer and feel better. Feeling better will make you more encouraged to study and achieve your goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Ways to Improve Academic Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, it is a way to release tension that we are subject to in KDI . Thus, encompassing Physical Education as a core course and expanding the gymnasium is truly a way to improve academic experience in KDI. By encompassing physical education students will exercise and by expanding the gymnasium area more students will be able to go to the gym and exercise. Ultimately resulting in an improved academic experience in KDI. Exercise has positive effects on the brain. Exercise has been found to increase levels of â€Å"brain-derived neurotrophic factor†. This substance is thought to improve mood, and it may play a role in the beneficial effects of exercise†¦ help brain cells survive longer; so this may also explain some of the beneficial effects of exercise on dementia (Holmes, 2006). Demonstrating that by exercise not only on the long run students will not be prone to dementia but also their mood is improved. Mood improvement will result in students working better, feeling better and enhancing their creativity . Encompassing physical education as a core course thus will truly improve the academic experience. KDI School offers comprehensive and rigorous academic programs (School, 2007) . One way to reduce the tension and stress caused by these programs is physical exercise. Research has shown that physical exercise is the best tension reliever (ICBS, 1998). This illustrates that exercise can be a solution to release the tension which KDI students are subject to due to the rigorous academic programs. Also the rigorous programs in KDI require a lot of sitting in front of a computer or a desk all day. By exercising that built up energy and tension which have accumulated throughout the day can be released. It is a better way to channel your energy than letting it turn into anger or negativity. Strongly pointing out that incorporating physical education as one of the core courses will improve the academic experience. To encourage students to continue exercising the gymnasium has to be expanded. Entering class each year is approximately 200 Korean students for the Master’s Degree program and around  160  international students (School, 2007). Illustrating they are 360 students at KDI. To ensure that most of them are encouraged to exercise by going to the gymnasium, the gymnasium area has to be expanded. In an interview conducted B. K Lee (personal communication, March 09, 2010) noted that the gymnasium area is approximately 10 meters and KDI campus area is approximately 10 kilometers. Having 360 students in KDI with a gymnasium that small will discourage students from going there. Since the campus is 10 kilometers in area there will be no problem in expanding the gymnasium area. By doing so, more students will be encouraged to go to the gymnasium, exercise which will result in improving the academic experience in KDI. In conclusion, Exercise has positive effects on the brain. Release built up energy and tensions. Making us work in a better environment. Physical exercise has many benefits and should be a regular part of almost anyone’s life (Association, 2010). By making physical education as one of the core courses will no doubt improve academic experience in KDI and also the health of all the students. In addition expanding the gymnasium area will encourage students to go there often, exercise resulting in improved academic experience. References: Holmes. (2006). Mental health. About. Com. Retrieved 09/03/2010, from http://mentalhealth. about. com/od/depression/a/howexercise. htm ICBS. (1998). Exercise. Stress Management. Retrieved from http://www. holisticonline. om/Stress/stress_exercise. htm KDI School. (2007) Mission and Purpose. KDI School of Public Policy and Management. Retrieved 09/03/2010, from http://www. kdischool. ac. kr/ KDI School. (2007) Questions of the Academic Programs. KDI School of Public Policy and Management. Retrieved 09/03/2010, from http://www. kdischool. ac. kr/ American Heart Association. (2009). Excersice is for everyone. Physical Activity and Excersice. 10/03/2010, from http://www. americanheart. org/presenter . jhtml? identifier=11081 How to cite Ways to Improve Academic Experience, Papers

External Reporting Issues Accounting Standards

Question: Discuss about theExternal Reporting Issues for Accounting Standards. Answer: Introduction The preparation of financial report of a company is very much important as it demonstrates the financial health of the company for a specific phase of time. The Australian Accounting Standards is an accounting standard which set rules and regulations for the companies to prepare their financial report. The development of conceptual framework is the main function of AASB and evaluating the proposed standards, making accounting standard under the section 334 of the corporation act 200, formulating the accounting standards as well as development of accounting standards (Berk and DeMarzo, 2007). The board also plays a crucial role in promoting the objects of ASIC act that includes reducing capital cost and enabling the organizations to compete effectively in international market and maintaining confidence of investor in Australian economy. It is the responsibility of the accountants and auditors to follow the rules and regulations implemented by AAS while preparing the financial report. Hence, financial statements show the income, expense, profit or loss, assets and liabilities of the organization. Main Context Explanation of each Proposal Issue of Shares Accounting standard AASB 132 key objective is to establish principles to present the fiscal tools as equity or else liabilities and offsetting liabilities and assets. The standard is applied to the categorization of the financial tools from the viewpoint of the issues into properties, liabilities, dividends, equity tools, losses, gains, interest and situations in which the assets as well as liabilities ought to be offset (Robinson, 2009). The company Black Box Limited can issue preference share to increase its capital funds as per the AASB standard. The standard is applied to the agreements of sale or purchase non financial items and it may be settled in cash or with other pecuniary instruments. The contracts are agreed on the terms of delivering receipt of non financial items as per the usage requirements or purchase of the asset by the organization. The standard need to be applied to the contracts that an organization designates as estimated at the fair value as per the paragraph 2 .5 of the AASB 9 pecuniary tools (AASB 2, 2015). The pecuniary tool is the contract that leads to the increase in pecuniary property of one organization as well as equity instrument or financial liabilities of another organization (Sharma, 2010). The issuer of the financial instruments ought to categorize the instruments, on the primary acknowledgment as the fiscal liability, equity instrument or monetary asset as per the contractual arrangement. Hence, issuer of the non derivative financial instruments ought to analyze the terms and condition of the monetary tools in order to identify whether it includes both equity component and liability. Dividends, interest, gains and losses relating to the financial instruments that is the fiscal liability ought to be acknowledged as expense or income in profit or loss. The distributions of equity tool to the holders should be recognized by the organization (Ross, Westerfield and Jaffe, 2005). The financial liability and financial asset need to be offset as well as the net amount value should be existed in the financial position statement. Equity instruments includes puttable instruments, non puttable ordinary shares, some instruments that imposes obligation on the corporation to another entity pro share rate of the net asset of the organization on the liquidation and warrants call options that permit the holder to the subscriber for the purchase of the non puttable ordinary shares. The total expected flow of cash of instruments over the life of financial instrument should be based substantially on loss or profit, alter in the recognized fair value or net assets of the unrecognized as well as recognized assets of the organization over the life of the instrument (Sharma, 2010). Financial instruments include financial instruments derivative such as forwards and futures, currency swaps, interest rate swaps and financial options and key devices for example payables, equity instruments as well as receivables. In financial statements, an organization presents the non controlling interests that are income of its subsidiaries and interest of other parties in equity in accordance with AASB 10 and AASB 101 (AASB 2, 2015). Journal entries shows the gain or loss and cash transactions associated with issue of share. The balance sheet will show the assets and liabilities of an organization. The journal entries have been shown for the year ended 30 June 2017. Issue of share 2,00,000 Preference share value (200,000*$50) $10, 00,000 Annual dividend $50000 The calculation shows issue of share by the company, annual dividend and cash received during a specific period of time. It helps to determine and evaluate the investment amount of the company. Leasing The AASB 117 integrates leases under IAS 17 that are published by the International Accounting Standards Board. The main purpose of the standard is to elucidate the lessees and lessors accounting policies along with disclosure regarding leases. According to the standard, lease is a contract where the lessors give right to the lessee to utilize the property in return for a payment for a period of time (Elliott and Elliott, 2008). The company black box ltd can sale and lease back existing land and building as per the AASB standard. Finance lease comes under lease if it transfers substantially transfers rewards and risks to the owner. Operating lease comes under lease in case of it does not shift reward and threats to the owner. A lease agreement includes provision to regulate lease payments for the alternations in acquisition or construction cost or leased property. Lessees should determine the finance leases as the liabilities and assets in the balance sheet at equal amount to fair va lue of the leased property or present value of the minimal lease payment determined at commencement of lease. The direct values of the lessee are included to determine the amount of the property (AASB 2, 2015). The minimum lease payment should be allocates between lessening of the outstanding liability along with finance charge. Lessees should meet the requirement of the AASB7 in order to make disclosure for the funding leases include: Each category of propertys carrying amount at the closing stages of financial reporting phase Settlement between lease payment in future at the closing stages of accounting year plus present value. It should be disclosed by the company in their financial report. The contingent rents are determined as expense in the period Future minimum lease payments are received under the non cancelable leases at the closing stages of the financial reporting phase (AASB, 2016). The common explanation of the material of the lessee Lessors should determine and mention asset under finance lease financial position statements and representing them as the receivable amounts equivalent to the investment in lease. The finance income ought to be identified based on the pattern showing stable periodic return rate on net investment of in the funding lease by the lessor (Holton, 2012). Lessors should identify the loss or profit in the phase as per the rules and policy that are pursued by the company for out-and-out sales. Lessors should meet the requirements in the AASB 7 in order to disclose the finance leases: The settlement between investments in the lease along with present cost of the minimal receivable lease payment at closing stages of the accounting phase. An organization should disclose present value and investment in lease of the minimal lease receivable payments at the closing stages of fiscal reporting phase (Paramasivan and Subramanian, 2009). Unguaranteed outstanding value to benefits the lessor Accumulated allowance for the uncollectible receivable lease payment Unearned finance income Description of material leasing arrangements of lessor The transactions for operating lease have been given above in the table. The cash transactions for the lease have been stated for the year ended 30 June 2017. The journal entry of accounting lease and operating lease has been as per the Australian accounting standard. Purchased land = $10,000,000 Carrying Amount Fair Value Remaining useful and economic life Land $4,000,000 $6,000,000 Building $3,000,000 $4,000,000 10years Depreciation of land ($6,000,000-$4,000,000)/10 $200,000 Depreciation of building ($4,000,000-$3,000,000)/10 $100,000 Profit on sale ($12,000,000-$10,000,000) $2,000,000 The value of the land and building has been calculated that will help to determine and evaluate the value of the assets. Benefits of Each Proposal The Black Box Ltd can use the lease concept as per AASB as because it will help to acquire assets on lease. The company will be able to recognize all liabilities and assets arising under the lease contract. The ownership of the assets lies with the lessor and lesee has to pay the rental expenses. The company Black Box Ltd should invest in quality asset with the help of lease contract. Leasing expense is considered as operating expenses and is tax deductible. It is classified as the off balance sheet debt and does not come out on the balance sheet of the organization (Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson, 2011). The expenses for the company remain same constant over the life of the asset and it helps in the planning expense. The concept of lease should be used by Black Box Ltd as it described under the AASB standard. It will increase returns and save the company from the risk to invest into the assets that might become outdated. The use of asset will help the company to increase its flow of cas h and hence increase in profitability (AASB 2, 2015). The concept of lease will help the company to save capital and allows investing the capital in other business activities. It is the method of increasing the asset value as well as revenue from the use of the asset. The financial instruments can be used by the companies to increase its capital amount that helps to operate it business activities. Black Box ltd can increase its capital investment with the issue of equity and debentures. The equity shares do not creates obligations to pay fixed dividend rate and can be issued without creating charges over the assets (Steele, 2008). The issue of shares and debentures are permanent source of capital that will help the company to increase its profitability. Dividends, interest, losses plus gains concerning to the pecuniary instruments that is the monetary liability should be acknowledged as expense or income in profit or loss (Stittle and Wearing, 2008). Debt financing is considered as the cheapest source of finance and allows the company to increase its capital investment. Conclusion The Australia Accounting Standards has implemented rules and regulations that need to be followed by a company while preparing their financial statements. The concept of lease and financial instrument has been described in the report that will help the company to take decision and present these values in their financial statements as per the standard. It is the liability of the accountants as well as auditors to prepare plus publish monetary statements as per the standard as well as presenting fair value of the items. Black Box Ltd can acquire assets on lease that will help to increase the revenue of the corporation and also issue shares as well as debentures in order to increase its capital investment. It will help the company to develop its business operations. The AASB helps the companies to arrange the financial statements and guide to demonstrate the items. References AASB 2. (2015). Melbourne. AASB, (2016).AASB Standard February 2016 Leases. [online] https://www.aasb.gov.au. Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB16_AmendStd_02-16.pdf [Accessed 11 Oct. 2016]. Berk, J. and DeMarzo, P., 2007.Corporate finance. Boston: Pearson Addison Wesley. Elliott, B. and Elliott, J., 2008.Financial accounting and reporting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Fifield, S. and Power, D., 2011.Managerial finance. [Bradford, UK]: Emerald. Holton, R., 2012.Global finance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Paramasivan, C. and Subramanian, T., 2009.Financial management. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Robinson, T., 2009.International financial statement analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Ross, S., Westerfield, R. and Jaffe, J., 2005.Corporate finance. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Sharma, N., 2010.Business finance. Jaipur, India: ABD Publishers. Spiceland, J., Sepe, J. and Nelson, M., 2011.Intermediate accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Steele, J., 2008.The Market. New York: Hyperion. Stittle, J. and Wearing, B., 2008.Financial accounting. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.

Lucid Dreams Essays - Dream, Lucid Dreams, Keith Hearne,

Lucid Dreams ?Lucid dreamers report being able to freely remember the circumstances of waking life, to think clearly, and to act deliberately upon reflection, all while experiencing a dream world that seems vividly real? (LaBerge, 1990). In lucid dreaming, people become conscious enough to realize what they are dreaming, and therefore can change the dream they are having. A theory widely accepted by many researchers, is ?That lucid dreams are not typical parts of the dreaming thought, but rather brief arousals? (LaBerge, 1990). The researchers came up with the fact that the arousals were frequently happening during REM sleep and this became the platform for lucid dreams. In the late 1970's, evidence started showing up that lucid dreams occur during REM sleep. To test this hypothesis out, 4 scientists by the names of: LaBerge, Nagel, Dement and Zarcone got together and set up an experiment. In this experiment, the scientists had to use some sort of signal or response to determine the exact time the lucid dream was occurring. In the experiment, the scientists used five subjects and studied each from two to twenty nights, depending upon how long the scientists thought they needed. All in all, they studied the subjects a total of 34 nights and came up with a total of 35 lucid dreams from various stages of sleep. Of the 35 lucid dreams, 32 occurred during REM sleep, and the other three took place during other stages of the sleep cycle. ?A later analysis extending these data with two additional subjects and 20 more lucid dreams produced identical results? (LaBerge, 1990). This led LaBerge and the three other scientists to believe that lucid dreaming usually occurs during REM sleep. Many other researchers were also studying lucid dreaming and the time of their occurrence. Two such researchers, named Keith Hearne and Alan Worsley, designed a study of lucid dreaming. In their experiment, the subject spent 50 non-continuous nights in the Hull University sleep lab while the experimenter monitored the polygraph. From their studies, there was a total of eight lucid dreams and they said all of the dreams occurred during REM sleep. Another researcher, named Olgilvie, also studied lucid dreaming. ?Olgilvie reported the physiological state preceding 14 spontaneous lucidity signals as unqualified REM in 12 (86%) of the cases; of the remaining two cases, one was ambiguous REM and the other appeared to be wakefulness? (LaBerge, 1990). According to Olgilvie's research, lucid dreams normally occur during REM sleep, but there is always a slight chance they occur at other times. Many other laboratories that study lucid dreaming agree with LaBerge, Hearne and Worsley, and Olgilvi e that lucid dreams take place during REM sleep. Lucid dreams come about in two different ways. In the usual type of dream, people are right in the middle of REM sleep, when suddenly something unusual happens causing enough image and representation for them to slow down and become aware that they are dreaming. This is also known as a Dream-initiated Lucid Dream (DILD). In all of the lucid dreams people have, 80% are said to be dream-initiated. In the other less common type, people are briefly awakened during a dream, but fall directly back to sleep going into the dream again. This all happens very quickly with no or very little break in consciousness. This type of lucid dream is commonly known as a Wake-Initiated Lucid Dream (WILD). ?LaBerge's data indicates that while lucid dreams do not take place during interludes of wakefulness within REM periods, a minority of lucid dreams (WILDs) are initiated from these moments of transitory arousal, with the WILDs continuing in subsequent undisturbed REM sleep? (LaBerge, 1990). Out of body experiences (OBEs) are experiences when people feel like they are seeing the world from somewhere other than their physical bodies. The out of the body person will feel like they are in a world like the one they are in while awake. Even though they are said to be out of body, the person still has the feeling of having a body. OBEs can many different things to humans. Sometimes, they are highly moving, but they can also be very disturbing. There are many explanations for what exactly OBEs are. One explanation

Italian Nouns With Irregular Gender

Italian Nouns With Irregular Gender In Italian, grammatical gender, when referring to people and animals, is related to sex. However, this principle is not always observed. Three distinct examples include: la guardia (guard- usually a man), il soprano (a woman), laquila (eagle- male or female). Regarding things, the attribution of gender may seem unrelated with respect to meaning. For example, there is no logical reason for which il latte (milk) and il sale (salt) should be masculine (notably, in Venetian dialect both are feminine). To the contemporary Italian speaker the choice between masculine or feminine seems to be either totally arbitrary, or, in the case of derivative nouns, simply a matter of grammatical fact (e.g., nouns ending with the suffix -zione are feminine, while nouns ending with the suffix -mento are masculine). For todays speaker, a historical explanation does not count; the contemporary perspective must remain distinct from the diachronic (which concerns the evolution of language). Italian nouns, for the most part, retain their gender from the Latin. Nouns originally neutral in Latin usually became masculine. There have been some changes, though: from the Latin word folia, the neuter plural of folium, in Italian became foglia (leaf), feminine singular (because in Italian the ending -a, in the majority of cases, is feminine and singular). The conformity to this rule is also illustrated in the assignment of gender to foreign words used in Italian. That the assignment of gender is immaterial with respect to the inherent meaning of things is born out by a comparison between diverse languages, even though they are related to one another: Italian, French, and Spanish. Consider the following: Masculine in Italian / Feminine in French:il dente- la dent (tooth), il costume- la coutume (costume), il fiore- la fleur (flower), il mare- la mer (sea) Feminine in Italian / Masculine in French:la coppia- le couple (couple), la mescolanza- le mà ©lange (mixture), la sciabola- le sabre (saber) Masculine in Italian / Feminine in Spanish:il costume- la costumbre (costume), il fiore- la flor (flower), il latte- la leche (milk), il miele- la miel (honey), il sale- la sal (salt), il sangue- la sangre (blood) Feminine in Italian / Masculine in Spanish:la cometa- el cometa (comet), la domenica- el domingo (Sunday), lorigine- el origen (origin) English is much easier, since grammatical gender is not recognized except in rare cases. Conversely, German, much like Latin, also has the neuter gender. There are significant differences between the Italian and German with regard to gender; for instance il sole (the Sun) is feminine (die Sonne), while la luna (the Moon) is masculine (der Mond).

Memorial Day Quotes and Sayings

Memorial Day Quotes and Sayings On Memorial Day, we commemorate the  soldiers who sacrificed their lives in battles to win or preserve our freedom. Many of them were young men and women who did not live long enough to fully experience the privileges that they fought to sustain. Use these Memorial Day quotes and sayings to honor their sacrifice. Francis A. Walker: We come, not to mourn our dead soldiers, but to praise them.Francis Marion Crawford: They fell, but oer their glorious grave floats free the banner of the cause they died to save.Daniel Webster: Although no sculptured marble should rise to their memory, nor engraved stone bear record of their deeds, yet will their remembrance be as lasting as the land they honored.Lucy Larcom: Life hangs as nothing in the scale against dear Liberty!Marcus Garvey: Chance has never yet satisfied the hope of a suffering people. Action, self-reliance, the vision of self and the future have been the only means by which the oppressed have seen and realized the light of their own freedom.Elizabeth Barrett Browning: And each man stand with his face in the light of his own drawn sword. Ready to do what a hero can.George F. Kennan: Heroism ... is endurance for one moment more.George Henry Boker: Fold him in his countrys stars. Roll the drum and fire the volley! What to him are all our wars, what but death be mocking folly? Benjamin Harrison: I have never been able to think of the day as one of mourning; I have never quite been able to feel that half-masted flags were appropriate on Decoration Day. I have rather felt that the flag should be at the peak because of those whose dying we commemorate rejoiced in seeing it where their valor placed it. We honor them in a joyous, thankful, triumphant commemoration of what they did.James A. Garfield: For love of country, they accepted death.Omar Bradley: Bravery is the capacity to perform properly even when scared half to death.Philip Freneau: But fame is theirs - and future days. On pillard brass shall tell their praiseLise Hand: Thats what it takes to be a hero, a little gem of innocence inside you that makes you want to believe that there still exists a right and wrong, that decency will somehow triumph in the end.Louis Pasteur: It is surmounting difficulties that makes heroes.James Gates Percival: Green sods are all their monuments, and yet it tells a noble r history than pillared piles or the eternal pyramids. Albert Einstein: So long as there are men there will be wars.Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain: Heroism is latent in every human soul. However humble or unknown, they (the veterans) have renounced what are accounted pleasures and cheerfully undertaken all self-denials; privations, toils, dangers, sufferings, sicknesses, mutilations, life-long hurts and losses, death itself? For some great good, dimly seen but dearly held.

Wooden Post Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Wooden Post Ltd - Essay Example Study of the case of ELITE HOTELS GROUP plc was done and the observations are indicated in the criteria for judging the adequacy of the solution. A vision of the WOODPOST LTD after consolidation is also conceived and presented at the end. The paper ends with a conclusion as also indicating the learning outcome. On strategic analysis of the market of WOOD POST LTD, the following three options are offered as viable long term strategies by a business consultancy firm of international reputation, to overcome the slow down of the business due to recent growth in United Kingdom market. For investment purposes, the 'life' of the project is assumed to be 10 years. All the cash flows are expressed in 'real' terms (that is, after allowance for inflation). In view of the relatively risky nature of the project, the Finance Director of WOODEN POST asserted that the 'normal' hurdle rate of 8% 'real' should be increased to 10%. But this has produced some debate among members of the management team some of whom considered that the effective cost of capital was zero since existing cash resources will be used. Quite apart from all these factors, further investigations into the acquisition established that cash

Ethno Nationalist Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Ethno Nationalist Terrorism - Essay Example The main Palestine groups employing terrorism as a means of achieving their goals and strategic objectives in the region currently include Hamas, most notably its military wing – Al-Qassam Brigades – and Fatah’s Al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades. The Israeli Government counter-terrorist organizational framework includes the Israeli Police, ISA, Mossad and IDF (Ganor 2005). International human rights organizations, like Amnesty International for instance, blame IDF for a number of war crimes and violations of human rights during their offensives in the Gaza Strip (Amnesty International, 2015). Inasmuch as the primary method of attacks employed by Hamas and other Palestinian militant groups is rocket-firing mainly into Israel, the range of targets is vast, including civilians, army and police personnel as well as infrastructure and build environment. According to IDF, civilian and public buildings, including schools and hospitals are used by Hamas as command centers and/or weapons depots (Amnesty International, 2015). Being aimed at the achievement of the main political goals, these attacks are commonly associated with the Palestinian grievances and discontent (see Oberschall, 2004). A significant attempt at conflict resolution, besides the peace treaties between Israel and Egypt in 1979, and Israel and Jordan in1994, was the so-called Oslo Accord (Gelvin, 2014). Despite the transfer of control over the Gaza Strip and West Bank to autonomous Palestinian rule, thus being considered an unprecedented breakthrough, the Oslo Accord failed to achieve both the fundamental goal of permanently appeasing the region and creating an independent Palestinian state (Selby, 2003). As Oberschall (2004) points out, denying political opportunity, safe bases for terrorist operations, and alleviation of poverty and socio-economic inequities would

Reduce,Reuse and Reclycle Essay Example for Free

Reduce,Reuse and Reclycle Essay Practicing these three steps (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) helps us lessen the environmental impact that manufacturing and distributing products have on our environment. Reducing waste is the most effective 3 R practice, because it means not producing unnecessary waste in the first place – So there is zero impact on the environment. If we reduce what we buy and use in the first place and reuse wherever possible, fewer things need to be recycled and the amount of waste we produce will fall. The next best is Reuse, because it extends the life of a product. That item still had to be made but it is used over and over, reducing the need to make new stuff. Recycling in the end is the reprocessing of materials. It helps reduce pollution caused by waste and the need of raw material so that rainforests can be preserved. BENEFITS: We are going to give you some tips and practical examples how to save money, energy and the environment. 1. Do not waste food, make sure that you buy what you are going to consume, give leftovers to your pets or discard them in a responsible way. (Environmental friendly). 2. Grow your own vegetable, fruits, and flowers. 3. When you leave a room always turn the lights off – Do not forget to switch off all the electrical equipment’s, turn down your emersion heater. 4. Instead of using dishwasher, wash dishes by hands from the sink 5. Always turn the tap off when you wash your teeth. You do not need the tap running when you are brushing your teeth. 6. Instead of buying a lot of books, you can borrow from the library or charity shops. 7. Do not automatically get rid of your old newspaper; use it in place of paper towels to clean glasses and mirrors. Shred it to make packaging materials, use it as a fire starter. 8. Reuse junk mail envelops for your own mail. Just put a label over the see through window or if the envelop has a bar code at the bottom, run a black marker through it. 9. Do not dump water you use to cook vegetable; water your plants with it. 10. Use the public transport (trains, undergrounds) rather than cars to reduce pollution. ADVANTAGES OF RECYCLING: Recycling uses much less energy than producing new materials from scratch. This means less fossil fuel is burnt and less greenhouse gas is emitted. The vast majority of materials collected from your doorstep are recycled and used in the UK. This means less fuel is used to export waste and import new materials. Recycling helps to reduce pollution, Co2 emissions caused by waste and preserve natural resources for futures generations. Recycling is one of the best ways for you to have a positive impact on the planet in which we live. It is so important to both, the natural environment and us (Human beings). N. B: However, recycling still creates some pollution because it is an industrial process. That’s why â€Å"Reduce and Reuse† are the most important of the 3 R practice. Did you know? Recycling Aluminium uses only five per cent of the energy and emissions needed to make it from raw materials. Each year in the UK, we go through over 1. 2 million Tonnes of electrical waste. (That’s the equivalent of 150 Thousand double decker buses). Prevention is better than cure as the doctors say. Therefore, we must act fast as the amount of waste we create is increasing all the time. We are going to conclude our topic with this wise and pertinent citation of Margaret Mead: â€Å"Never doubt a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. †

Macbeth Blood Essays -- Essays Papers

Macbeth Blood Blood is essential to every human beings survival. It is a fluid circulating throughout the body that carries nutrients and oxygen to the tissues in exchange for life and if this was somehow lost then the life would also be lost. It represents life, death, and injury. It is an essential part of life. Without it, we would not live. As a symbol and major theme in Macbeth, Blood is used most often to represent injury and death, but also life. In Macbeth, he uses blood to represents impurity. Shakespeare often accompanies the image of water with the image of blood. The water represents cleansing and purity. Imagery is any piece of language that provokes the readers mind to form a mental picture or image. Shakespeare’s plays are well known for the richness of their imagery. Macbeth in particular has numerous vivid examples. Macbeth is also particularly rich in repeated images, such as the image of blood. In the beginning of the story, blood is symbolic of bravery, how he fought bravely, and how he won. Bloodshed for a noble cause is good blood. However, Macbeth's character changes throughout the play. The changes are characterized by the symbolism in the blood he sheds. As these images of blood occur frequently, they often portray the horror of the central action, Duncan’s murder. The brilliant images of blood and water also symbolize the unrelenting guilt of the two protagonists, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The blood and water represents their inability to erase the memory of Duncan’s murder. The blood of King Duncan clings to their hands and makes them unable to fo rget the repulsive crimes they committed. In the beginning, blood is used to show bravery. â€Å"For brave Macbeth--well he deserves that name-- Disdaining fortune, with his brandish'd steel, Which smoked with bloody execution,† (I, ii, 18-20) This passage is revering to Macbeth's braveness in which his sword is covered in the blood of the enemy. After these few references to honor, the symbol of blood now changes to show a theme of treachery and treason. Before Duncan's murder, Macbeth imagines seeing a dagger floating in the air before him. He describes it, "And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, Which was not so before. There's no such thing: It is the bloody business which informs Thus to mine eyes." (II, i, 57-60) ... ...ain Than terms can give thee out!" (V, viii, 8-10) Macbeth and Macduff then engage in a fight to the death with Macduff eventually emerging victorious. After Macbeth is slain, the symbolic theme of blood swings back to what it was at the beginning of the play. Macduff presents Macbeth’s bloody head to the crowd and to the new King of Scotland, Malcolm, and the people rejoice. The death of Macbeth is honored and the symbolism of blood has returned to its original meaning; the bloodiest are the ones most honored. Macduff is congratulated as he proudly walks in covered with blood and with Macbeth’s head. Ironically, it was blood that brought Macbeth to power and blood that brought him to death. The play successfully illustrates the complete transformation of Macbeth. He begins as a noble, a just and brave person, to becoming evil, ambitious, and treacherous, to his final feelings of remorse for his crime. Throughout the play, Shakespeare effectively conveys theme of death, murder and treason through the symbol of blood. The reader understands the meaning Shakespeare is trying to convey. The symbol of blood in Macbeth is an effective symbol that is used well.

Massengill’s Department Store Essay

1. The utilitarian approach seems to best describe Marv Heimlers turnaround strategy at Massengills. I think so because his decisions would result in the majority of employees keeping their jobs although a smaller amount would be laid off. This shows he is doing what’s best for the company and still seeks the interest of the greater number of people. To him, if he had not made the decisions he made, everyone would be out of a job. a) Individual approach was not applied b) Moral approach was not applied: employees weren’t given reasons why they were being terminated and the way in which termination process was done was very harsh and inconsiderate. c) Justice approach was not applied, employees weren’t treated fair and equal. Example people with long years of services were treated the same as new workers . 2. I would place Heimler at the post conventional level of moral development because he implemented his plan for change knowing that there would be persons with different views. He justified his actions by his personal beliefs and put the future of the company first. His actions showed that he was firm in his decisions, looked at the greater good of the company as a whole and and sets his own principles. 3. To avoid the problems he was facing, Marv Heimler could have met with employees and informed them about the state of the company and that layoffs were inevitable. This would have given the employees sufficient notice to seek out other jobs. If I were in his position after the company started doing well again I would give some kind of financial compensations to employees that were laid off. Also, if there are positions available in the company I would train and rehire them as they were loyal employees to the company throughout the years. New employees coming into the company should get some kind of training before being fully employed.

Dulce Est Decorum Est and This Is the Dark Time, My Love

Neither fame nor glory can compensate for the immense suffering that war inflicts on humanity. â€Å"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori† is an ‘old’ lie told to youths ardent of joining the army. Not only are the targeted victims oppressed, but the soldiers who risk their lives fighting for their countries are left horrified. In both â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† and â€Å"This is A Dark Time, My Love†, the intimate experiences of the personas give first-hand insights of the terrors and tortures of war. Imagery, pathetic fallacy and language vividly create the ghastly image of war. This is The Dark Time, My Love† is about a people whose dreams of a better life have been threatened by the destructive power of the â€Å"strange invaders. † The persona conveys his intense anger against the British military presence and his belief that their rule is wrong and they display total injustice. Additionally, the persona accentuates the subjection, devastation, death and anger of the people of Guyana. It focuses on the â€Å"dark time† that the people are facing that the experience of the war where â€Å"all around the land brown beetles crawl about†. Everywhere the faces of men are strained and anxious† tell of the fear and tension that the victims feel. Even nature is sympathetic as â€Å"red flowers bend their heads in awful sorrow. † The poet laments of the misery of his people, the instability of his people and the sorrow brought by these â€Å"strange invaders†. In â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, a soldier vividly describes the horrors of war as he hopelessly watches one of his comrades being â€Å"gassed. † Returning from the battle-field, â€Å"bent double,† coughing and limping with blood-shod feet, they had not heard the gas-filled shells being dropped. Luckily, most of the soldiers managed to escape, but unfortunately one of his comrades did not. As the persona recounts the traumatic experience, he lashes out at all who thinks that it is glorious and honourable to die for one’s country. The impact of the incident on the persona is one of loathing and revulsion. Both poets use imagery which is striking and graphic to inform us of the terrors of war. In â€Å"This is The Dark Time, My Love,† the visual image of the soldiers, â€Å"all around the land brown beetles crawl about†, in their thick armoury is like the beetles who have hard shells on their backs. All around† and â€Å"crawl† creates the image that they move around in large uniform masses, just like beetles. The word â€Å"crawl† also presents the image of the soldiers moving sneakily and invading the land with stealth. â€Å"Who comes walking in the dark night time? / Whose boot of steel tramps down the slender grass† creates the visual image of the soldiers, who can walk through the dark night fearlessly, unaffected by the dark times. An auditory image is also created as the tramping of the soldiers can be heard as they walk on the unthreatening, impotent grass. Imagery in this poem is used to describe the ways in which war oppresses innocent victims, whereas in â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est†, similes are used to create images of the struggles soldiers face on the battlefield. The simile, â€Å"bent double, like old beggars under sacks†, is vivid as one can actually picture the soldiers â€Å"drunk with fatigue† and trying to make their way back to camp. They are hopeless and tired and though fighting for one’s country is said to be honourable, they are being compared to beggars. This line contrasts with the title of the poem. Both the visual and auditory image of the â€Å"knock-kneed† soldiers â€Å"coughing like hags† shows the choking effect of the smell of the gas. Their coughing sounds like that of an old, tired person, which they in fact are. They cannot breathe and being compared to ‘hags’ emasculates the soldiers. Pathetic fallacy is used in â€Å"This is the Dark Time, My Love† since even nature was in a state of sadness at the oppression of the society. This is seen by the personifications, â€Å"The shining sun is hidden in the sky/Red flowers bend their heads in awful sorrow. The flowers appear to mourn the people in the dark time who are victims of the violence of the soldiers and the suppression by the colonial powers. It seems as if the wilting flowers, whose stems are usually drooping, are actually bending their ‘heads’ in sympathy with those who have to live through the dark times. The â€Å"shining sun† represents hope and prosperity . It is unable to penetrate through the â€Å"dark times† where the people are hopeless and in despair. The sun being hidden in the sky reflects that there is no hope for the society. The emotive and intense language used in â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† tells of the anger, revulsion and disgust the persona feels about being part of the war. â€Å"He plunges at me guttering, choking, drowning, â€Å"white eyes writhing in his face† and â€Å"blood come gargling from his froth-corrupted lungs† evokes sympathy in the reader. The soldier’s comrade did not die instantly from inhalation of the gas, he suffered before he died. In all the persona’s â€Å"smothering dreams,† he never thought he would experience anything like that. â€Å"Like a devil’s sick of sin† compares war to the devil who offers no good and will never be sick of sin. War only offers pain and suffering and it is as if those who declare war are in fact devils. â€Å"This is The Dark Time, My Love† and â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† both aim to convey the universal message that the stereotypical assumptions about war and fighting for one’s country are lies. Both poems tell of the atrocities of war and that war affects everyone. In â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est,† the persona remarks that the battlefield is a horrifying experience and that many are scared for life and left feeling helpless and hopeless. The main comment the persona is trying to make is that dying for one’s country is neither noble nor honourable as people claim it to be and those anxious for glory should not buy into this belief. It emphasizes how much they had to suffer and the message received is that war is not worth the trauma and agony they have to endure. In â€Å"This is The dark Time, My Love,† the persona indicates that war is so dehumanising that even nature makes a statement as pathetic fallacy. The persona also refers to war as â€Å"the season of oppression . . and tears. † This alludes to the hostility and brutality to which the Guyanese are subjected and their suffering as a result. It goes on to say that it is a â€Å"festival of guns† and â€Å"Carnival of misery† showing that violence is so rampant, it seems to be a celebration. War imposes itself on the nation’s culture and robs the nation of its independence and dreams; â€Å"aiming at your dream. † War wreaks severe pain and distress on both soldiers and innocent, targeted people and this brings about the question whether war is really worth the suffering. Those who declare war do not endure the suffering and thus, preach that it is glorious to die for one’s country. However, as the both persona’s prove, it is no honour and certainly, no nobility to die for one’s country !

Debates 2000 essays

Debates 2000 essays The third Presidential Debate was between Vice President Al Gore and Gov. George W. Bush. The debate was in the format of a Town Hall debate. Both Vice President Al Gore and Gov. Bush performed well. An audience member asked the candidates a question and given two minutes to answer the question set forth. After the two minutes the other candidate was given the opportunity to rebuttal. In some instances the candidate that was asked the question was given the chance to refute the prior statement given. The people were very surprised by the actions and the reaction of the two candidates. Al Gore was very quick to make his point and just as quick to show the lies within Bushs plans. Bush was quick to give a sound byte response. Gov. Bush and Vice Pres. Al Gore were very quick to show their distaste for the other candidate. It was obvious that the nation was in for a spectacular performance. It seemed that every time Bush was asked a question he managed to avoid answering it directly by means of saying a sound byte from his campaign. Gore seemed to be performing his absolute best. He managed to show people that even though he seems rigid he is very intersested in learning what it was that the people of the nation wanted. When Gore was asked about a certain topic he would come out of his chair and try to comfort the people about what it was he thought they should hear. In my opinion, he did not seem to be telling people exactly what they wanted to hear. Many people seemed taken back due to the constant references to the way Bush has handled Texas. Bush was also noted by the Wall Street Journal for lying about his plans for social security. The constant references regarding Texas seemed to really make people listen. Gore told people that Texas was last in insurance. For a fact it was last. The topic of affirmative action arose only to disturb people. Bush was asked his views on affirmative action and he ra ...

Absolute And Relative Ethics Commerce Essay

Absolute And Relative Ethics Commerce Essay There are many approaches to ethics. I will briefly outline two types of theoretical approach to ethics and their implications: principle-based approaches, and character and relationship-based approaches. Principle-based approaches to ethics: It is important to understand this concept. This approach has often been based on two different ethical traditions – Kantianism and utilitarianism. Immanual Kant, was a German philosopher (1724-1804) in the eighteenth-century. He developed a theory of ethics. This approach to ethics is known as ‘deontological’ or duty-based. It plays a vital role in moral philosophy and also in professional ethics. ‘Persons’ are considered to have rational and self-determination – it means they are capable of making choices and acting upon them. For deontological ethics, the important thing isn’t the result or consequence of the action, but the action itself. If the action is wrong, in and of itself, then donâ€⠄¢t do it. This approach mainly has its focus on respect of the service user and also that he can make his own decisions. The main principles in this approach are to maintain confidentiality, obtain informed consent, no discrimination or offering misleading or false information. For Kant, it would be morally wrong to perform any action which is based on false information even though the end result is beneficial. According to this approach, we must all respect individual’s choices. Utilitarianism, on the contrary, is a teleological theory. It is particularly associated with two British philosophers, Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) (Mill 1863/1972). Also known as the consequentialist theory of ethics. The main difference lies in the concept and it is in striking contrast as compared to the Kantian ethics. The moral worth (rightness or wrongness) of an action is said to lie in its consequences; hence if we have to decide if an action is right or wrong , we have to weigh pros and cons and also anticipate. According to this concept, if lying leads to good results, it would probably be good to lie. This theory relies on the fact that whether something is right or wrong depends on the result or end of that action. Theories that are interested in ends are called teleological. The name has originated from the Greek word for ‘end’ – telos. For a teleological ethical thinker, the end justifies the means. The believers of this theory argue that the rightness of an action is judged by the end it produces. In my opinion, people consider both types of ethical principles in making decisions. We have to make a judgment that ensures that we are looking at individual’s best interest or the welfare of the society at a bigger scale. Absolute and relative ethics Absolute ethics holds that there is one universal moral code which is final and applies equally to all men of all ages, and that changing situations or changing v iews make no difference whatsoever to this absolute moral code. Relative or relativistic ethics holds that the moral standard varies with different circumstances. There are so many cultural and religious differences and in some circumsatnces, it may be ethically correct to do certain things but in other situations it might be completely immoral. For example it is right for Muslim people to have four wives but for a Christian man this would be considered immoral.

Imagining the Impossible and Daring to Fight for it Essay

Imagining the Impossible and Daring to Fight for it - Essay Example I understood the meaning of this slogan only when we tried to start a student organization to fight against the injustices of capitalist society. The collective formed from the student organization gave us hope to dream for a brave new world with lesser exploitation and lesser oppression. It not only gave us hope but also taught us to find hope from ourselves. We realized many things which previously did not dare to imagine. We understood that we are not only the inheritors of an epoch which brings all the barbarities of past generations back to the brains of the living but also the trailblazers of a new society which is suffocating in the womb of the old. What we have in this society is merely a future of wage slavery that too is not undoubtedly because of the general capitalist tendency to keep a reserve army of proletariat. We are not only to interpret the world but also to change it since the interpretation of the world has no meaning if it is not for changing it. We are set to f ree ourselves from the society of, by and for wage slavery by knowing what is not yet known while assimilating what is already known as the wisdom of past generations. This is the only way for us to be grounded on theory and strive for the creation of a better world (not another world) by the means of concrete practice. In this society, the relations between human beings are predominantly determined by the relationship between things. Even things do not exist as things but as commodities. The end result is that human beings have also become commodities and the relationships between them are commoditized. As the members of most self conscious species, we at least deserve to have a world without the embarrassing stupidity of commercial advertisements. Nevertheless, we are aware of the tremendous transformations necessary for such a minute change. We do not have the illusion that students could lead the struggle against exploitation and

In the novel Fugitive Pieces by Anne Michaels, how does the second Essay

In the novel Fugitive Pieces by Anne Michaels, how does the second part of the novel comment and reflect on the themes and events of the first part - Essay Example Ben’s life mirrors Jakob’s in some respects. Death is the predominant theme of the novel. At the very onset, the reader is informed of Jakob’s untimely demise in a car-accident. The events unfolded in the subsequent pages are therefore viewed through the eyes of a dead man. Thus the spectre of death looms large over the narrative. Jakob was the aural witness to the savage murder of his parents and the abduction of his beloved sister Bella. From that moment on he is haunted by the constant presence of his sister in his life. He is tormented by his abject ignorance of her fate. He reiterates his belief that the dead wield a permanent influence over the living, â€Å"It’s no metaphor to feel the influence of the dead in the world.†(Michaels, 53) Death makes its presence felt in Ben’s narrative as well. He is a child of the second generation but nevertheless he is a victim of the holocaust. His parents are living reminders of the horrors of the past and their very home is permeated with the remnants of the evil of those dark times. His situation is outlined in Jakob’s description of the mass graves in the first part, â€Å"When the prisoners were forced to dig up the mass graves, the dead entered them through their pores and were carried through their bloodstreams to their brains and heart. And through their blood into another generation.†(52) The role of history and memory in the lives of the protagonists constitutes another theme of the novel and is reiterated in the second part echoing its occurrence in the first part. Jakob and Ben are trapped in their traumatic pasts and there is no hope for fulfilment in their present lives and possibly the future as well. Jakob is repelled by history and its clinical detachment in the face of atrocity and immorality and prefers to seek recourse in the intimate confines of memory. â€Å"History is amoral: events

Fraud- Satyam Computers Limited, India Research Paper - 1

Fraud- Satyam Computers Limited, India - Research Paper Example From being the fourth largest IT Company, with high profile, the outsourcing company has been embroiled for having the biggest scam in history. Formed in 1987 by Ramalinga Raju, the company grew and become a ‘rising star’ in Indian ‘outsourced’ computer service industry. With the rising importance of IT in the market, the company realized an estimated compound growth rate of 6.4% by 2007. The company attracted a lot of investors and it grew significantly. Raju, the managing director, attracted up to 300 customers worldwide and 13, 120 technical associates. A year later, the company had shown a compound growth rate of 35% and earnings per share rose from $0.12 to $0.622. On the other hand, Satyam’s stock tripled to 300%. The company further generated a significant growth as well as increased shareholder value. In 2009, Raju, through a letter to the company, disclosed that he had been manipulating the accounting numbers of the company for several years. He further claimed that he had overstated the assets on the company’s balance sheet by $1.47 billion and to make the matters worse, almost $1.04 billion cash and bank loans claimed by the company was not-existent3. The company had underreported all the liabilities on the balance sheet and overestimated the income for several years so as to meet the expectation of the analyst. For instance, the results showed 97% profits and 75% revenue increase. The director and the firm’s global head of the internal audit used various schemes to perpetuate the fraud. Raju used his personal computer to develop several bank statements and falsified the accounts so as to inflate the non-existent balance sheets. In fact, he inflated income statements by making interest claims using fake bank accounts. As the scam revealed further, it was evident that Raju had created over 6000 counterfeit salary accounts and directed the money there anytime the company make deposits.  

Root Causes of Accidents on Construction

Root Causes of Accidents on Construction The construction industry is one of the biggest industries in the whole world. The contribution of this industry towards the global GDP is enormous. The construction industry is also a potential employment generator and employs large number of skilled and unskilled labors. In UK the construction industry employs more than 2.1 million people and accounts for around 9% of the total employment within UK (Howarth and Watson., 2009). Since the industry employs large number, it also has a significant impact on the health and safety of the people working in it. The process of construction involves various activities such as working at heights, working in confined spaces, manual handling, lifting operations, demolition works and ground works. These all activities involve risks and are very hazardous in nature, so the chances of accidents taking place on construction sites are high. Now in order to reduce the level of risk it is very important to implement proper safety management systems on construction sites. The UK construction industry is successful in many respects. The construction industry in UK has shown a steady improvement in the safety performance after the Egan Report (1998) but still faces numerous challenges with regard to safety on its journey to improve its performance record whilst delivering increased volume and complex construction projects (Howarth and Watson., 2009). According to HSE statistics, more than 200 people are killed at work in United Kingdom every year excluding work related road accidents. In 2006, 30 million working days was lost in UK to occupational ill health and injury which imposed an annual cost of  £30 billion i.e. more than 3% of GDP. As per Lingard and Rowlinson (2005), the construction industry consists of several SMEs and small amount of large firms. These small and medium size firms lack knowledge and resources required to implement safety management activities so the issues related to health and safety are more in small and medium size firms. Eakins (1992)stated that international research confirms that the issues related to health and safety are more in SMEs as compared to larger firms and also smaller firms are poor in implementation of safety programmes. Therefore smaller firms have higher injury frequency rates as compared to larger firms. The Company- Millennium Contractors Ltd. Millennium Contractors Ltd. is a small and medium size firm which has been working in the UK construction industry for the last 25 years. The company has a much diversified work force, employees from different cultural background and of different age group works in the company. Diversity in construction organizations in terms of culture and ethnicity has many advantages but at the same time there are many disadvantages related to it. In the condition of uncertainty and complexity diversity does not fare well which may lead to confusion and frustration. In a multicultural organization it is very hard to arrive at an agreement on a particular course of action, and can result in negative dynamics and cultural clashes. The other main disadvantage of multicultural organization is the lack of coordination and communication between the workers which can be a contributing cause of an accident. Apart from this the company is committed to prevention of injuries and ill health at work place but has failed in promoting an incident injury free culture. The recent record of the company related to health and safety has not been very good. There have been many accidents which included one fatal accident resulting from the fall from height and other major/minor injuries and also some incidents of dangerous occurrences. The main areas of concern for the company have been; manual handling; hit by falling objects; hit by moving vehicles; collapse of temporary structures and scaffoldings. The company was also served with a prohibition notice because of a fatal injury caused by falling from mobile elevated working platform. The companys policy towards health and safety is also not up to mark. The management has been irresponsible in implementing the policies in an organized manner, which has contributed to the main cause of accident. According to Baxendale and Jones as cited in (Kashyap et al., 2005), the majority of the accidents are not caused by the carelessness of the worker but by the negligence or by the failure to control by the management. Moreover the management should be able to judge the capabilities of the employee before allocating the job and the employees in response should be capable of doing the allocated work. Hence with an involved and committed staff a positive health and safety culture can be maintained. According to Cooper (1998), the impact of organizational safety culture not only affects the accident rates but has significant impact on work methods, absenteeism, quality, commitment, loyalty and satisfaction. According to HSE the positive health and safety culture can only be ach ieved through 4Cs; competence- recruitment, training and advisory support; control- allocating responsibility, commitment, instruction and supervision; co-operation- between individual and group; communication- spoken, written and visible (Clarke, 1999). Issues related to Health and safety in Millennium Contractors Limited As mentioned above, the company has failed to implement structured policy towards health and safety, as a result of which there has been regular incidents of dangerous occurrences. The common issues that the company is facing regularly and the legal action that could be taken against the company are as follows. Manual handling The manual handling regulations (1992) defines manual handling as any transporting or supporting of a load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof) by hand or by bodily force. In effect, any activity that requires an individual to lift, move or support a load is classified as manual handling operations (Stranks, 2006). Manual material handling is one of the most significant risk factors for back problems, whole body vibration, bent and twisted positions (Roy et al., 1999). If proper safety measures are not involved while manual handling of materials, it may lead to injuries and occupational diseases. According to HSE, manual handling injuries are the most common type of occupational ill health in UK. As per Helander (1991), 15% of the back injuries due to manual material handling occur in the construction industry. The main causes of incidents due to manual handling were; The use of poor techniques to move materials. Lack of proper training and guidelines provided to the workers by the management. Lack of communication and co-operation among the workers. The above figure shows the proper method of moving and lifting materials which can be very effective in reducing the injuries caused by manual handling of materials. Legal aspects related to manual handling; Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and regulations 10 and 13 of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 states that it is the duty of employers to provide their employees with health and safety information and training. This should be supplemented as necessary with more specific information and training on manual handling injury risks and prevention, as part of the steps to reduce risk required by regulation 4(1)(b)(ii) of the Regulations (HSE). Hit by Falling Object The other main issue faced by the company is hit by falling objects. The small objects like bricks, hammers, nails and tiles when dropped from the height can cause fatal head injuries and other serious injuries to the worker working below it or any other person passing by it as shown in the figure. The main causes of this type of injury were; Poor standards of housekeeping. Failure of management in providing safety nets at heights. Inadequate project planning which leads to inadequate storage of materials. Lack of proper guidelines provided to the workers working at height. Absence of cautionary sign boards. Legal aspects related to hit from the falling object; Regulation 8(b) part 1 of schedule 3, of the Work at Height Regulation, 2005, states that it is the duty of the employer to prevent, where necessary, injury to any person so far as reasonably practicable and also the employer shall provide enough storage space so as to prevent risk of movement of such material. Fall from height The company has a record of one fatal accident resulting from the fall from height. According to the data of HSE in 2005/06 falls from height accounted for 46 fatal accidents at work and around 3350 major injuries. This was the single biggest cause of workplace deaths and one of the main causes of major injury. The workers working at heights are prone to have fatal injuries such as skull fractures. Therefore it is absolutely necessary to provide proper training and guidance to the workers working at height. The main causes of this type of incident were; Lack of proper training and guidelines provided to worker by the management. Negligence and unsafe action of the worker. Inadequate use of personal protective equipments. Lack of planning and supervision. No barrication provided. Legal aspects related to fall from height; The Work at Height Regulation 2005 applies to all work at height where there is a risk of fall liable to cause personal injury. It place duties on workers, employers, the self-employed, and any person who controls the work of others (eg facilities managers or building owners who may contract others to work at height) to the extent they control the work. Hit by moving vehicle The other issue of the company is workers being hit by moving vehicles. This type of issues is very dangerous in occurrence and can cause fatal injury. The accident involved vehicle like trucks. The main causes of this type of incident were; Inadequate site planning Improper signs and absence of cautionary (speed limit) boards Unsafe conditions of working Legal aspect related to hit by the moving vehicle; Section 2(2)(a) of HSWA 1974 states that it is responsibility of the employer to maintain plant and system at workplace, so far as is reasonably practicable. According to Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulation (17), there should efficient segregation of pedestrian from vehicular traffic of incoming and outgoing. Collapse of temporary structures and scaffolding The other main issue of the company related to health and safety was collapse of temporary structures and scaffoldings. The incident took place due to lack of inspection. Incompetence of the inspectors to identify risk and hazard involved. Moreover the employer failed to provide the workers with suitable equipment and provide collective measures along with personal protective measures. Legal Aspect: The Work at Height Regulation 2005, Regulation6(4)(b), 6(5)(a,b), 7, 8, 12 and 13, states that it is necessary for the employer to provide suitable equipment, take account of working condition and rigorous inspection by a competent person. Further according to section 2(2)(a) of HSWA 1974, there should be provision and maintenance of plant and machinery at work. Apart from these issues the company was served with three enforcement notices and one prohibition notice by HSE because of dangerous occurrences at work place. The company failed to implement proper structure of health and safety policy due to inadequate management system. Hence for successful implementation of the policy the company should have proper safety management system. Safety Management aims at minimizing the chances of risks, injuries and accidents by implementing risk management techniques and safety management operations, improving the standard of health of the employees, monitoring the operating systems and bolstering the safety measures of an organization. Management practices and documentation In order to reduce the risks of accidents in the company the company should have proper management practices and associated documentation relating to safety induction procedures, tool-box talks, training requirement, accident record book and method statements. The proper safe management practices involve; Risk assessment: During risk assessment, the hazards or hazardous work is first identified before commencement of any work activity. The rating information is then passed on for preparation of method statement, which must be read and understood by every worker undertaking the activity before the commencement of work. Method statement: It is the document that shows or states how an activity needs to be carried out in a safe manner. The statement is usually prepared by a competent person and passed to the principle contractor and the safety coordinator for its inclusion in sites health and safety plan. Site induction and training: The site induction and training is usually provided to the worker before the start of any work by the employer. The workers are informed about the various precautions that are to be taken while working on sites. The site induction includes brief on welfare facilities, brief on site hazards, brief on how to report onsite injury or accidents and the use of PPEs. Accident record book: The accidents that take place on sites are to be entered in this book. Any reportable accident should be reported under RIDDOR, to the site supervisor immediately. Tool box talks: Toolbox  talks  are safety lectures aimed at the construction trade. The lectures are intended to educate workers about creating and maintaining safer work conditions, and attendance is mandatory with many companies. Many companies provide toolbox  talks  in modular form, so that a safety educator has a  curriculum  readily available. The Millennium Contractors Ltd do not have organized structure of management and have failed in implementing the health and safety polices due to which the company is unable to follow safe management practices. Overcoming the Barriers The potential barriers that the company needs to overcome to aim for zero accident policy on sites are as follows; Cultural and language barrier: The company has mixed workforce, workers from different cultural background works in the company now because of ethnic diversity the management might find it difficult to convey all the messages efficiently, resulting in difference in understanding of instructions which may cause problems regarding safety on sites. Fear of change: New ways and methods of working may create confusion and sense of uncomforting amongst workers, leading them to traditional ways of working which can cause some problems related to safety. Therefore in order to overcome this barrier the company should motivate the workers and should train them properly. Difference in education level: Different workers might have studied till different levels in education. It may affect their ability to understand instructions clearly. Conclusion Although the company has vast experience it had failed in implementing the safety policies which are very essential for reducing the risks of accidents. The company has inadequate safety management system which has resulted in several major and minor incidents. An effective safety management system will be most effective if a safety culture permeates the organization and this can only be achieved through communicating leadership, personalizing safety outcomes, engaging individuals in safety responsibilities, improving understanding of safety system and increasing hazard/risk awareness and preventive behaviors. In order to improve the safety management system the Millennium Contractors Ltd must follow these steps which would indirectly help them in reducing the accidents.

Role of Women in Oranges Are Not The Only Fruit Essay -- Oranges Are N

Role of Women in Oranges Are Not The Only Fruit  Ã‚   In the novel Oranges Are Not The Only Fruit, by Jeanette Winterson, most of the important, decision-making, characters are female. Jeanette, the female protagonist, is greatly influenced by her mother, a strong, overbearing, eccentric woman, and by Elsie, a prominent member of the family parish who becomes Jeanette's only friend and closest confidant. Elsie and Jeanette's mother act as polar forces in Jeanette's life, with the mother encouraging suppression of "unholy" or "unnatural" feelings and thoughts, and Elsie encouraging expression of feelings and accepting oneself for who one really is. Jeanette's mother, referred to by name only once in the novel, is probably the second most important character in the book, outdone only by the protagonist herself. She acts not as a role model, but as an example of what not to become, of a lifestyle to reject. Throughout the book, Mother encourages suppression of feelings she defines as unholy by way of personal example and by her attempted repression of Jeanette's homosexuality. An...

Face Negotiation Theory Essay

The Face Negotiation Theory is established by Stella Ting-Toomey, which discusses the way by which people with different cultures communicate and manage conflict. In 1985, Stella Ting Toomey explains in her theory that disagreements and conflicts are usually brought about by identity management on the individualistic and collectivistic levels. The different facets that characterizes the identity of an individual or group is referred to as â€Å"faces†. Faces serves as the public image of an individual or group, which the society as a whole assessed depending upon the cultural norms and values of the people’s respective culture. According to Ting-Toomey, the distinction between individualistic and collectivists cultures is seen on how the former gives more importance to the face of the individual while the latter gives more attention to the welfare of the group (Gudykunst, 2005). The major tenets of the Face Negotiation Theory are greatly applicable with my life, especially since I interact with people that have different cultural background. I have friends who do not share the same culture that I have and sometimes this is the cause of misunderstandings between us because cultural differences also affect the values and principles that we have in life. However, I realized that in order to get along with my friends I need to understand and accept our differences and in doing so, I need to properly communicate with them in a way that shows my respect to their values and beliefs, which is actually one of the important things that is explained in the theory. In relation to this, I also learn that the theory can actually help me to enhance my communication process in the future wherein I could try having a more collectivistic face, which will allow me to give more importance to the welfare of the group rather than my individual interests. Moreover, I realized that the relevance of the Face Negotiation Theory has become more vital than ever because our society is becoming more interconnected with each other, especially with the greater interaction of different people all over the world. Reference Gudykunst, W. B. (2005). Theorizing about intercultural communication. California: SAGE.

Apple vs Samsung Patent Battle a Threat to Innovation

APPLE VS SAMSUNG PATENT BATTLE A THREAT TO INNOVATION Rather than innovate and develop its own technology and a unique Samsung style for its Smartphone product and computer tablets, Samsung choose to copy Apple's technology user interface and innovation style in these infringing products. Apple had accused Samsung of copying its intellectual property, including its very broad design patents for rectangular â€Å"electronic devices. And Apple wants to use those patents to stop its competitor from selling items like the new (rectangular) Galaxy tablet and (rectangular) Android-based Smartphone's.On Aug. 24, a San Jose jury awarded Apple Inc. a whopping $1. 05 billion in damages. Apple-Samsung jury: Verdict †¢The nine-person jury in the trial between the two tech-giants faces a wildly complex form to determine the winner. †¢SAN JOSE, Calif. — There is little doubt that the trial between Apple and Samsung taking place here is complex, and perhaps nowhere is that clearer than in the form that jurors will have to fill out on their way to reaching a verdict later this week. The document, which both sides have yet to agree on, is still in its draft stage. In Samsung's case, it's 33 questions long, and stretched across 17 pages. For Apple, it's 23 questions spread over nine pages. †¢Both forms ask jurors to check off which products infringe on specific patent claims, an exercise that includes going through charts that sometimes span several pages. On Apple's form there are some 225 checkboxes regarding patent infringement. The other parts of the verdict form ask slightly more nebulous questions, like whether claims within the patents from both sides are valid, and the all-important dollar amount that one side or the other is owed as a result of any infringements. †¢On the bright side, certain patent features are greyed out since not all products carry the identical feature set. That could be a welcome sight for the nine-person jury, who must reach a unanimous decision. Result †¢The jury award shows the growing importance of design for electronic makers. California jury awarded Apple $1. 05 billion in a patent dispute with Samsung. †¢The share price of Samsung electronics dropped nearly 7. 5 %in trading THREAT TO INNOVATION †¢Industry has used copyright as a means of preventing innovation. Copyright was a deliberate weapon to stop innovation, and thus maintain the status quo. The patent system is being used similarly †¢Whether the patent system prevents people like them from entering the market with their inventions is unknown. They are more than likely to continue working because they are optimists chasing a dream of seeing their invention realised; of being rich, or just creating something that serves a purpose. †¢The barriers to them achieving their goals for themselves and how they are shared to all must be removed. That means renovating the current system to enhance the opportunities for inn ovation. †¢It will require legislators with the will to change the rules and protocols in the face of opposition from vested interests. It is possible, but the motive may not originate from a wish to assist the corporation – like patents which were conceived to underwrite investments in innovation – but to serve the wider interests of society †¢Ã¢â‚¬ It will lead to fewer choices, less innovation, and potentially higher prices,† Samsung said in a written statement. †¢ â€Å"It is unfortunate that patent law can be manipulated to give one company a monopoly over rectangles with rounded corners, or technology that is being improved every day by Samsung and other companies. †¢Apple, meanwhile, praised the court for â€Å"sending a loud and clear message that stealing isn't right. † This highlights a central issue in today's innovation-based economy. †¢Intellectual property law is based on the notion that copying is bad for creativit y. It is usually cheaper to copy something than create something wholly new. If innovators are not protected against imitation, they will not invest in more innovation. †¢The real world, however, tells a different story. Imitation is at the centre of an enormous amount of innovation.Rules against copying are sometimes necessary. But in many cases, they serve to slow down innovation. Copying, in short, is often central to creativity. †¢How can copying be beneficial? Because it can enable as well as inhibit innovation. When we think of innovation, we usually picture a lonely genius toiling away until he or she finally has an â€Å"aha! † moment. †¢In fact, innovation is often an incremental, collective and competitive process. And the ability to build on existing creative work — to tweak and refine it — is critical to the creation of new and better things. Copying can also drive the process of invention, as competitors strive to stay ahead. AFFECTS ON CONSUMER †¢Consumers are the real loser in this verdict. †¢Consumers do not get Samsung accused products in U. S market. †¢Consumer confusion between products and functions. †¢Now consumer may not get better existing products for lower prices. BUSINESS LESSONS FROM APPLE VS SAMSUNG †¢INSPIRATION NOT IMITATION. †¢DELIGHT LEADS TO DESIGN AND NOT THE OTHER WAY ROUND. †¢DON'T MIMIC BUSINESS DNA. †¢WE ALL DO WRONG STUFF BUT IF YOU GET NOTICED AND WARNED BE SMART.

Potlatching among the Kwakuitl essays

Potlatching among the Kwakuitl essays The Kwakiutl are an American Indian tribe that live on the northern shore of Vancouver Island in British Columbia and on the adjacent mainland in a country with a coastline almost as long and inletted per square mile of territory as that of Norway (Bohannon, 1966). The Kwakiutl are significant in that they engage in a very unique form of exchange known as potlatching. A potlatch was a ceremonial given by a chief and his group, as hosts, to guests composed of another chief or chiefs with their respective groups, at which the guests were given wealth goods as gifts (Drucker, 1967). Kottak (1982) defines a potlatch as a festive event where, assisted by other members of their communities, sponsors gave away food, blankets, pieces of copper and other items. In return for this they got prestige. To give a potlatch enhanced a sons reputation and prestige increased with the lavishness of the potlatch and the value of the goods given away with it. Bohannon (1966) offers another definition of the potlatch. The word potlatch is derived from the Chinook language and it means gift. The potlatch is a ceremonial occasion on which one exchanges or gives gifts to ones rival, who is a man occupying a status closest to ones own in the ranked hierarchy. Potlatch involves the giving of property by one holder of a position to the holder of an equal or higher position. The former does this to maintain the glory of the rank he holds and the glory of the ancestors from who he inherited the position (Bohannon, 1966). The Kwakiutl are more obsessed with rank than most other peoples in the world. They created artificial shortages and their striving for high social position was an integral part of the economy. In addition there was an organisation made up of a number of ranked but heredity officers, each one marked by crests, ceremonial privileges and titles. The ranking of positions was...

or 11b. Essays

Government and Explain /or 11b. Essays Government and Explain /or 11b. Essay Government and Explain /or 11b. Essay Essay Topic: The Wild Duck Time allowed : 3 hours SS2-080 90 Maximum Marks : 90 (i) (ii) (iii) 1 11 10 31 1 3 80 22 (iv) 23 30 5 120 (v) 31 4 General Instructions : (i) (ii) The question paper has 31 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. Questions from serial number 1 to 10 are Multiple Choice Questions. Each question carries 1 mark. (iii) Questions from serial number 11 to 22 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each. (iv) Questions from serial number 23 to 30 are 5 marks questions.Answer of these questions should not exceed 120 words each. (v) Question number 31 is a map question of 4 marks from Geography only. After completion, attach the map inside your answer book. Page 2 of 9 1A. (a) (c) (b) (d) 1 Which of the following is not an economic exchange ? (a) Flow of trade (b) Flow of capital (c) Flow of knowledge (d) Flow of labour /OR 1B. (a) (c) (b) (d) 1 Who among the following setup the first jute mill in Kolkata ? (a) J. N. Tata (b) Seth Hukum Chand (c) Dwaraknath Tagore (d) Dinshaw petit /OR 1C. (a) (c) (b) (d) 1Who wrote ‘The Bitter Cry of Outcast London’ ? (a) Andrew Mearns (b) Charles Dickens (c) Sameul Richardson (d) Henry Mayhew 2A. (a) (c) (b) (d) 1 Which of the following newspapers was started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak ? (a) Kesari (b) Jansattu (c) Statesman (d) Amirta Bazaar Patrika /OR 2B. (a) (c) (b) (d) 1 Which of the following novels of Premchand deals mainly with the poor condition of women in society ? (a) Sewasadan (b) Godan (c) Rangbhoomi (d) None of the above 3. (a) (c) (b) (d) 1 Which one of the following is NOT on the verge of extinction ? a) Asiatic Cheetah (b) Deer (c) Pink headed duck (d) Mountain Quill Page 3 of 9 4. (a) (c) (b) (d) 1 Which one of the following crops is grown during the said season ? (a) groundnut (b) muskmelon (c) soyabean (d) mustard 5. (a) (c) (b) (d) 1 Apart from the central and the state Governments, which is the third type of government practised in Belg ium ? (a) Local government (b) Municipal government (c) Community government (d) Ethnic government 6. (a) 30% (b) 27% (c) 50% (d) 33% What is the percentage of seats Reserved for women in the Local bodies ? (a) 30% (b) 27% (c) 50% (d) 33% 7. a) (b) (c) (d) Which one of the following countries has the lowest participation of women in public life ? (a) USA (b) Bangladesh (c) Saudi Arab (d) India 8. (a) (c) What is the full form of HDI ? (a) Human Derived Industries (b) Human Development Index (c) Highly Developed Industries (d) Human Development Income 9. (a) (b) (c) (d) What can be the developmental goal of landless rural labourer ? (a) Freedom to decide what he is able to (b) More days of work and better wages (c) Less days of work (d) Good climatic conditions Page 4 of 9 1 (HDI) (b) (d) 1 1 1 10. a) (b) (c) (d) Which of the following is true about the private sector ? (a) Governments owns most of the assets (b) Individuals or companies own most of the assets (c) Services are provid ed by the government (d) The main purpose is not to earn profit but public service. 11A. How were the silk routes a good example of vibrant pre – modern trade and cultural links ? Explain /OR 11B. 18 How did a series of inventions in the 18th century increase the efficiency of each step of production process in the cotton textile industry ? /OR 11C. When was the Rent Act passed in Bombay ?What was its aim ? What was the impact ? 12A. Give any three reasons favouring shift from hand printing to mechanical printing in China. /OR 12B. Explain any three main contributions of novel to modern society. 13. How can we solve the problem of land degradation ? Suggest any three measures. 14. How have communities conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India ? Explain. 15. Explain any three reasons for the multipurpose projects and large dams coming under great scrutiny and opposition. 1 3 3 1+1+1=3 31=3 31=3 31=3 3 31=3 Page 5 of 9 16.Describe the working of the Roof Top Rainwat er Harvesting being parctised in India. 17. What is the principle that is being followed by the government in Sri Lanka ? Describe. 18. Mention any three factors that determine the outcome of politics of social divisions. 19. Distinguish between overlapping and cross cutting of social differences. 20. Explain the main criterion used by World Bank in classifying different countries? 21. Why is the tertiary sector gaining importance in India ? Explain any three reasons. 22. What is meant by disguised unemployment ? Give one example from rural and other from urban areas . 3A. Define the term trade surplus. How was the income received from trade surplus with India used by Britain ? /OR 3 3 31=3 3 3 3 1+2=3 1+4=5 23B. ‘The First World War created dramatically a new situation for Indian Industries’. Analyse how this change took place. /OR 23C. Why did the population of London city expand over the 19th century ? Explain. 5 5 Page 6 of 9 24A. How did the Indians manage before t he age of print ? When and how did the printing technique begin in India ? /OR 24B. 2+3=5 5 ‘With Prem Chand’s writings, Hindi novel achieved excellence. ’ Do you agree with this statement ?Give reasons to support your answer. 25A. What was the impact of printed books on women in India in the 19th century ? Explain. /OR 51=5 25B. 5 How did the colonial administrators find vernacular novels as a valuable source of information to native life and customs ? Explain with examples. 26. Name the two most important staple food crops of India. Name the states where they are produced. Write the geographical conditions required for their growth. 27. Describe the three – fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and state Governments of India. 8. Describe the Constitutional Provisions which make India a secular state . 29. Give examples to prove that there are other important developmental goals than income. 30. Suggest any five ways to prov ide more employment opportunities in rural areas. 31. (i) A B 2+2=4 51=5 51=5 5 5 1+2+2=5 (A) (B) Page 7 of 9 (ii) (C) (D) (i) Two features A and B are shown in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of following information and write their correct names on the lines marked on the map. A) A soil type (B) A type of forests On the same political outline map of India, locate and label the following items with appropriate symbols : (C) Tungabhadra Dam (D) A major Bajra producing state 31 (31. 1) (31. 2) (31. 3) (31. 4) Note : in (31. 1) (31. 2) (31. 3) (31. 4) The following questions are for the visually impaired candidates only lieu of Q. No. 31. Name the state where black soil is found. Which type of forest are found in Jammu and Kashmir ? Name the river on which Tungabhadra Dam is built. Name the leading state producer of sugar cane. 41=1 (ii) Page 8 of 9 -o0o- Page 9 of 9

Australian Legal System

There is a quotation mentioned in the essay which is quoted by Allan Amanyire.   This quote reveals that, there are lack of legal rules and democracy in the society which is an issue for all the people in the society.   The people of the society may be rich-poor, educated- uneducated, employed-unemployed but everyone faces same problem if the proper legal rules and democracy is not maintained in the society.   In this assignment the negative sides of the society is portrayed because in Australia there are lack of constitutional laws followed and because of that the economic stability of people is not maintained (Collins, 2014).There are some plans made to describe the assignment. They are description about equality law, description about Australian legal system, the inequality and scarcity of the society and the solutions which can be applied to solve the problems of the society by legal methods. With the help of English mon law tradition Australian legal system started progressing. Federal regulations of governments state that every country is democratic and the citizen of the countries have right to choose the government of the country through voting system under Human rights act. Under section 41 of constitution of Australia of mon Wealth the people of the country has legal right to choose president and ministers of the country, who can work for the sake of the county. As per Human Rights of Australia (1949), the people of the country have to live their life in a democratic nation where monopolistic views are not followed. There is certain rights of mon man of the country. That freedom does not restrict people to convey their speech; to live a proper life with equality without discrimination; to vote; to get employment and to get all the facilities and enjoy rights of the country. The quotation in the question states that, Australian government is not following the democratic rules and making the country corrupted by indulging lots of discrimination between rich and poor, man and women and etc. For that reason, the rules of Equality act of 2010 are needed to be followed by the government and the citizen of the government. This act should be equal for rich or poor, employed or unemployed and educated or uneducated. Everyone should be same in the eye of the law (Collins, 2014). The mon man suffers a lot because they b e the victim of inequality. If democracy is not maintained in the society, then the citizen of the country loses their freedom and they are deprived by equality and political facilities (Humphreys, 2010). According to equality act, there should be no discrimination in terms of race, gender, age, sex, caste, creed, religion, class etc. These legal rules are not followed in Australia and that is the reason that people are in problem. They are victim of discrimination which is harming them. Even employment is also not available in the country because of lack of regulations. All these loopholes in the system is creating main problem to all the people in the society whether they are rich or poor. As the legal system of the country is improper, so the economic system and the corporation system are also lacking various resources. In this quote this things are tried to be mentioned. Several critics have criticized the legal and political system of Australia. It is said that, if there is lack of democracy in a country then people cannot lead a free life. If it is followed by the business perspectives that people cannot set up their corporate world and business because the rules of the business will not be followed properly in this type of country where proper rules and regulations are not followed.   If any methods of business are not followed properly then the corporation system would not follow properly (Gleeson, 2000). So it is plicated to form vital business in a country where there is lack of following the rules and regulations. On the perspective of the quotes mention in the question many authors said several lines such as: John Maynard Keynes said, â€Å"The market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent†. Allan Amanyrire said, â€Å"The rule of law bakes no bread, it is unable to distribute loaves or fishes, and it cannot protect itself against external assault, but it remains the most civilized and least burdensome conception of a state yet to be devised† Both the quotations reveal the negative part of the rules of the law and democracy which is affecting the society in adverse way. People are in burden under uneconomic condition. There is lack of employment in the country because of less democracy. Business also cannot be flourished properly because the legal rules of business is not followed which is adversely affecting the merchants or business man in the country. According to Razz (2002) in a book â€Å"A Basic Themes in Rule of Law Theory†, there are some rules made by government, which should be followed by the citizen of the country. There are some general principles. Those principles are certainty, and according to this principle stable, open and clear autonomy should be given to individual in democratic way (Gustafson, 2001). There is another principle that is generality, and according to it control of conduct of several citizen of various classes and in this case the legal rules should be followed where non-particularised and impersonal law is necessary to be implied. The final principle is equality, according to this principle, the law should be subjected equally and it should be followed by all class peoples in the munity. According to rule of law the democracy and freedom from interference should be given where human rights are not interfered (Raz, 2007). The liberties of the citizen should be saved and they should be treated with dignity by giving respect and rights to the citizens by the government of Australia (Ohnesorge, 2007). There is the journal, â€Å"Rule-book and Rights based Theories of Rule of Law†, (2003). There are various rules and regulations described in the journal and particular formulation of rule of law is stated by Lon Fuller. The morality and law is discussed in the contradiction of law. Argument is done by HLA Hart and Joseph Razz that the concept of equality in sexual inequality, racial segregation and religious intolerance is i patible which does not match which the concept of democracy following the legal rules. The standard of statues of law has failed here. Ronald Dworkin said there are some rights which are based on the rule of law which are demand of the citizens, where rights based theories are followed (Criddle, 2012). There is an integrity model made by Dworkin which is based on right based theory. According to the journal, the â€Å"The Current Debate: mon Law Constitutionalism†, (2009) argument was made on Anglo Australian legal tradition following the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy and Dicey’s constitutional theory gives vast description about the mercial law of the country which should be followed under legal rules and the theory but Allan argued that those theories are not conceptualised and human rights and democracies are not incorporated in the theories but only the legal rules of business and merce is mentioned without any link to the federal system of the society. The rule of law is criticized because the main points and motives are clearly not mentioned in the principles (Shaw, 2003). According to Farrell and McAllister (2003), if the democracy is needed to be maintained in the constitution of Australia, then it is very necessary that modern and organized way is needed to be applied in the parliamentary system of the constitution where electronic voting system is needed to be followed and secret ballot system is also needed to be arranged. Democracy is very important in a society because if there is monopoly in a rule for a long time, then the single power will be enhanced and addressed and the loopholes of the other parts of the constitutional system create trouble, barriers and boundary for the ordinary people of the country. The democratic system changed on 2004, when various new parliamentary systems are organized and voting board of supervision started thorough which new rules are organized following the federal system of the mon law of Australia. After the development of new applications in parliamentary system, various things are changed (Shaw, 2003). Posit ive changes are noticed; unemployment in the country is less now; poverty is also reduced and as per the quotation mentioned in the question, the tension and the issues of business formation and arrangement of mercial system in the country is also developed where different rules are stated and the needs of the citizens are heard and acts and rules of Australian legal system is motivated through the federal system.   Ã‚   This essay gives the ideas about the requirement of democracy in modern world because if the country follows the rules and regulations properly and democracy is maintained then the citizens can express their needs and their rights are also protected with the rule of law in Australian legislation system (Barber, 2006). There are various acts which are stated in terms of the quotation mentioned in the question. Various arguments, critical analysis and debates are also settled in the assignment which enriched the essence of the project with legal considerations followed properly.   Collins, R. (2014). The Rule of Law and the Quest for Constitutional Substitutes in International Law. Nordic Journal of International Law, 83(2), pp.87-127. Criddle, E. and Fox-Decent, E. (2012). Human Rights, Emergencies, and the Rule of Law. Human Rights Quarterly, 34(1) Gleeson, M. (2000). The rule of law and the constitution. Sydney, NSW: ABC Books. Gustafson, B. (2001). Book Review: Colin James (ed.), Building the Constitution (Wellington: Institute of Policy Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, 2000), pp. 448, $45. Political Science, 53(1) Humphreys, S. (2010). The Equality Act, 2010. Research Ethics, 6(3) Levine, S. (2004). Parliamentary Democracy in New Zealand. Parliamentary Affairs, 57(3), pp.646-665. Barber, N. W. (2006). ‘Sovereignty Re-examined; the Courts, Parliament, and Statutes’, Ronald Dworkin, Law’s Empire Ohnesorge, J. (2007). The Rule of Law. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 3(1), pp.99-114. Raz, J. (2007). The Identity of Legal Systems. California Law Review, 59(3), pp.795.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shaw, J. (2003). The Rule of Law — And a Bill of Rights. AQ: Australian Quarterly, 75(5), p.10.